Load Frequency Control and Automatic Voltage Regulation in a Multi-Area Interconnected Power System Using Nature-Inspired Computation-Based Control Methodology

The stability control of nominal frequency and terminal voltage in an interconnected power system (IPS) is always a challenging task for researchers. load variation or any disturbance affects the active reactive demands, which badly influence normal working IPS. In order to maintain at rated values, controllers are installed generating stations keep these parameters within prescribed limits by varying demands. This accomplished (LFC) automatic regulator (AVR) loops, coupled each other. Due complexity combined AVR-LFC model, simultaneous IPS requires intelligent strategy. performance solely depends upon controllers. work presents exploration methodology based on proportional integral–proportional derivative (PI-PD) controller with LFC-AVR multi-area PI-PD was tuned recently developed nature-inspired computation algorithms including Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA), learner performance-based behavior (LPBO), modified particle swarm (MPSO). earlier part this work, proposed applied two-area IPS, output responses LPBO-PI-PD, AOA-PI-PD, MPSO-PI-PD schemes were compared existing nonlinear threshold-accepting algorithm-based PID (NLTA-PID) controller. After achieving satisfactory results scheme examined three-area AVR LFC. Finally, reliability efficacy investigated variations over range  ± 50%. simulation comprehensive comparison between clearly demonstrates that very reliable, they can effectively stabilize LFC AVR.